Abstract In this paper. a modified cheetah optimizer (MCO) algorithm is presented. which has been designed to address the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in power grids that utilize renewable energy sources (RES). The issue of uncertainty in cost models for wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaics (PVs). https://missouriquiltcoes.shop/product-category/10-square-layer-cake-patterns/