In view of the imperfection of the calculation method of horizontal frost heaving force in the design of L-shaped retaining wall in permafrost area. based on the Lifkin foundation model and the cooperative deformation principle between retaining wall and soil. a simplified calculation model of horizontal frost heave effect of L-shaped retaining wall with or without soil replacement be... https://www.spidertattooz.com/Coast-Guard-E7-Rating-Badge-Yeoman-YN-blue/