Combining research areas of biomechanics and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) provides a very promising way for pedestrian positioning in environments where Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are degraded or unavailable. In recent years. the PDR systems based on a smartphone’s built-in inertial sensors have attracted much attention in such environments. However. https://www.flippsinfurnitureshops.shop/product-category/a1-paper/