Impedance-based diagnostics assess battery performance for Li-ion packs, especially under varying thermal conditions. By analyzing the impedance response of the battery over frequencies, valuable insights can be determined regarding the internal resistance, charge transfer kinetics, and overall durability of the lithium-ion battery system. For example, EIS testing can help https://uukx.anchor-blog.com/17538804/industrial-reliability-assurance-compact-coin-cell-assembly-machines